Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystal Extraction From Pennisetum hydridum Fertilized by Municipal Sewage Sludge via Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis

This research focuses on the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from Pennisetum hydridum fertilized by municipal sewage sludge (MSS) through sulfuric acid hydrolysis in different concentrations (40–65%), temperature (room ∼55°C), and reaction time (50–120 min). The results showed that obtained CNC possessed stable dispersion water. length CNCs reached 272.5 nm under condition room (RT), 65% concentration, 120 min time, diameter was within 10 nm. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) still kept type I structure. crystallinity increased to maximum 18.34% compared with delignified fibers. Thermogravimetry (TG) illustrated thermal stability lower than fibers due introduction sulfate groups cellulose. study demonstrated MSS might be a suitable raw material for CNCs. implies meaningful resource utilization .